microwave-assisted chemical preparation of zno nanoparticles and its application on the improving grain yield, quantity and quality of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.)

zno nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted chemical method. zno nanostructures were synthesized via a fast reaction between zinc acetate and ammonia at presence citric acid and other effective agents in chemical procedure. nanostructures were characterized by x-ray diffraction , scanning electron microscopy. seed yield and seed quality of safflower grown under drought stress. the test includes control treatments priming  with distilled water, priming with zinc sulphate in the amount of 300 mg per ml, priming  with sulfate of zinc to 600 mg per liter, priming with nano priming on the amount of 300 mg per liter, with nano on priming  rate of 600 mg per liter, priming with zinc sulphate in the amount of 300 mg/l zinc sulphate along with spraying the amount of 300 mg, zinc sulfate with priming  to the amount of 600 mg/l zinc sulphate along with spraying the amount of 600 mg, priming  with nano over the amount of 300 mg per liter plus the foliar application of nano on the amount of 300 mg, priming  with nano over the amount of 600 mg per liter plus the foliar application to nano on 600 mg, zinc sulfate to foliar application with the amount of 300 mg per liter, foliar application with nano over the amount of 300 mg/l, respectively.